08/20/2025
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Did you know First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt helped provide jobs in conservation and forestry to women during the Great Depression?
The She-She-She Camps were organized by Eleanor Roosevelt in the US in response to the formation of the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) programs designed for unemployed men. ER found that the men-only focus of the CCC program left out young women who were willing to work in conservation and forestry and to sign up for the 6-month programs living away from family and close support. She lobbied for a sister organization to the CCC that would be for young women. Eleanor Roosevelt proposed that this would consist of camps for jobless women and residential worker schools. The She-She-She camps were funded by presidential order in 1933, and unlike the segregated CCC camps, were integrated. Labor Secretary and Cabinet Member Frances Perkins championed one such camp after ER held a White House Conference for Unemployed Women on April 30, 1934, and subsequently Roosevelt's concept of a nationwide jobless women's camp was achieved. While the public largely supported the New Deal programs and the CCC was a huge success, the women's version barely topped 5,000 women annually by 1936 and overall served 8,500.
Camp TERA began on June 10, 1933 with 17 young women from New York. Currently Bear Mountain State Park, NY, in 1934 the site had 12 camps for CCC enrollees. At the end of 1933, after Camp Tera was established, ER had stated, "There is nothing more exciting than building a new social order." When ER first visited Camp TERA, she found only 30 girls at the 200-acre camp. ER appreciated the camp, but decided the requirements were too strict. She could not believe there were not enough women willing to accept the job and warned that the numbers had to increase, or the idea might be abandoned.
It was at Camp TERA that ER first met Civil Rights, feminist, and LGBTQ pioneer Pauli Murray who was among the first enrollees there. Murray said, “The camp was ideal for building up run-down bodies and renewing jaded spirits”. The two would strike up a friendship that would last nearly a quarter of a century.
The offer of work was enticing to those who did not want to pass up the chance of a job and with glowing reports coming back from participants the proponents of She-She-She renewed efforts in the fall of 1933 to expand the program. Going against this was that in the 1930s many Americans objected to the use of public resources to support individuals, especially women. Most had a more traditional view that the role of the woman was in the home. Others considered the idea of putting women out in the woods to learn dubious skills just plain wrong.
The She-She-She camps for women closed in October of 1937. The NYA (National Youth Administration, then in charge of the program, criticized the objectives and necessity of the camps and decided it was too expensive. As the crisis of hunger and shelter eased, the camp program for women could not be justified and it ended.