National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

03/31/2025

NIAID’s approach to autoimmune disease research has the potential to improve understanding and lead to treatments for many different autoimmune diseases. The studies we support seek to understand how the immune system contributes to autoimmunity, to develop better diagnostic tools and animal models of autoimmune disease, and to identify effective treatment and prevention strategies. This strategy has led to the identification of specific immune cells and molecular pathways involved in autoimmune disease, and consequently, to new treatment targets. Learn more: https://go.nih.gov/XdLvBfW

03/27/2025

Looking for resources to support your disease research? Visit our Resources for Researchers webpage to find information about available resources like de-identified data and samples. Learn more at https://go.nih.gov/6jQlCWj

03/25/2025

NIAID supports a broad range of basic and clinical on autoimmunity. Knowledge gained from basic research helps inform new experimental methods of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and more. Learn more about autoimmune disease research: https://go.nih.gov/PzsNlMI

An overview of various autoimmune diseases which are the focus of NIAID-supported basic and clinical research.

03/19/2025

📢 NIH BioArt Source, a free science and biomedical art resource library, was created by professional medical illustrators and offers an array of high-quality illustrations, vectors, and brushes, free to use and download. See the full catalog of free science and biomedical illustrations and more information on this tool at https://bioart.niaid.nih.gov/

03/17/2025

An NIH-sponsored clinical trial of a vaccine to prevent Lassa fever has begun enrolling participants at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore. Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease that can be fatal and that causes permanent hearing loss in up to one-third of those who contract it. The candidate vaccine was developed by NIH-supported researchers at Thomas Jefferson University. Learn more at https://go.nih.gov/ntqzKH8

03/14/2025

Follow this thread for a summary of -supported research presented at . For full text abstracts, please visit the conference website: https://www.croiconference.org/search-abstracts/

-An analysis revealed trends in new diagnoses among people with engaged in care in the United States between 1995 and 2023. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/2715-2025/

-An analysis found that higher viral load, lower CD4 count, older age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, previous heart attack and kidney failure were associated with a higher incidence of heart failure in a cohort of people with HIV. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1211-2025/

-Results from an observational study showed a significant decline of kidney function in people with after initiating a certain type of blood sugar management medications, highlighting the need for careful monitoring. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3335-2025/

-Anti-diabetic medications like glucagon like peptide-1 ( -1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) led to significant weight loss in people with , who had or did not have diabetes. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3132-2025/

-A modeling study on various pre-exposure prophylaxis ( ) use patterns found that a non-daily, on-demand regimen could increase PrEP effectiveness among women who do not adhere to a daily regimen. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/2978-2025/

-An international study found women who received broadly neutralizing antibodies and later acquired HIV and initiated (ART) had better viral suppression than men when they interrupted ART.
Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1571-2025/

-Women taking long-acting cabotegravir for pre-exposure prophylaxis ( ) showed no significant increase in risk compared to women taking daily oral PrEP. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/664-2025/

-The diabetes drug semaglutide significantly reduced the severity of a condition called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with . Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1105-2025/

-A B vaccine, known as HepB-CpG, generated a durable immune response in people with HIV who had either not responded to a different hepatitis B vaccine or had never received a hepatitis B vaccine before. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3634-2025/

-A common risk calculation method aligned with observed heart failure incidence in a large international study of people with . Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3606-2025/

-People with whose alcohol consumption was defined as at-risk by a common screening tool reported lower consumption after taking the diabetes drug semaglutide. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1535-2025/

-An analysis identified risk factors for osteonecrosis, a condition caused by a limited blood supply to bone tissue that results in bone damage, in people with as they age. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1520-2025/

-A study identified an association between higher levels of an inflammatory disease-causing enzyme and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in people with # HIV. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1245-2025/

-A data analysis identified a strong association between housing instability and aging among people with , including younger and virally suppressed groups. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1711-2025/

-An analysis from a cohort of more than 15,000 people with HIV showed gaps in the rollout of the long-acting drugs cabotegravir and rilpivirine. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1036-2025/

-Findings from a U.S. cohort study showed that the use of substances like methamphetamine was associated with lower rates of viral suppression in people with . Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1594-2025/

-An analysis from a cohort of more than 6,000 people with found an association between frailty and death, including in those under 50 years of age. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1594-2025/

-Researchers found that DNA profiling helped address inconsistent HIV test results in a person who had previously used long-acting injectable cabotegravir for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/400-2025/

-High rates of sexually transmitted infections like , , & trichomonas were detected in women participating in a clinical trial of long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/684-2025/

-Single isolated laboratory tests failed to accurately confirm the status of women who had recently received long-acting injectable cabotegravir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/670-2025/

-A randomized controlled trial examined a mobile health service strategy combining prevention and treatment with addiction care and other services for people who inject drugs. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1352-2025/

-An analysis from an international study characterized the response to integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based after acquiring HIV while taking long-acting injectable cabotegravir for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3633-2025/

-The early start of had no effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with HIV who were at low risk of CVD and had relatively high viral suppression before the study. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1605-2025/

- was detected in the spinal fluid cells of men with HIV who had been taking for up to two decades. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3208-2025/

-A study showed for the first time the presence of mutations on a certain part of the virus in people who were taking a common regimen and who were experiencing unsuppressed viral replication. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3011-2025/

-An analysis from an international study of people with identified factors associated with benefitting from a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events while taking a statin. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1220-2025/

-An analysis from an international study found that higher levels of frailty were associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in people with . Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/1987-2025/

-An analysis from an international study of people with found that switching to an integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimen increased the risk of weight gain and cardiometabolic complications over the next five years. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3694-2025/

-Researchers found no evidence of brain atrophy in young adults who initiated soon after acquiring . Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3536-2025/

-Some people with HIV who acquired SARS-CoV-2 experienced structural brain changes that were not detected in a cohort before the COVID-19 pandemic, based on an exploratory analysis from an treatment study that included periodic brain MRIs. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3525-2025/

-A novel group of therapeutic vaccines was safe and induced an immune response in people with HIV on , inducing stronger responses in younger people. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3317-2025/

-Monitoring levels of pre-exposure prophylaxis ( ) drugs in the urine of pregnant and postpartum women helped them take PrEP at its prescribed frequency. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3683-2025/

-Among people with in several African countries, a monovalent COVID-19 vaccine booster was as effective at protecting against symptomatic COVID-19 as a newer, bivalent booster. Learn more: https://www.croiconference.org/abstract/3425-2025/

03/14/2025

Topical steroid withdrawal (TSW) results in dermatitis that is distinct from eczema and is caused by an excess of an essential chemical compound in the body, according to a new study from researchers at the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Scientists identified treatments that could be studied in clinical trials for the condition based on their potential to lower levels of the chemical compound—called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a form of vitamin B3. The findings were published today in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Learn more at: https://go.nih.gov/PWmoBmI

03/13/2025

programs and networks help to increase collaboration, break down silos, and share information and data by connecting researchers to each other, to institutions both public and private, and to the general scientific community. These initiatives oversee and support research while offering resources and services to the broader scientific community.

Learn more about NIAID’s programs and networks at https://go.nih.gov/C6OEZAy

A research network/program is an “umbrella” organizing group, internal or external to NIAID, whose responsibilities include conducting, overseeing, and at times funding research or offering non-monetary support for research. Most of these networks offer services and other resources to the scient...

03/12/2025

Monotherapy with the antiviral drug tecovirimat did not reduce the time to clinical resolution of clade II lesions or improve pain control among adults in a -supported international clinical trial, according to detailed results presented at the 2025 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Scientists are still learning which factors influence mpox disease progression and clinical resolution. Learn more: https://go.nih.gov/R9UMURG



ACTG

03/11/2025

A -sponsored study found that the vaginal ring for prevention was safe for use by breastfeeding women in an international clinical trial.
Learn more: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(24)00306-0/fulltext

03/05/2025

Did you know antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health problem, with infections becoming harder to treat due to drug-resistant bacteria, fungi, and other microbes? Microbes naturally develop resistance; however, using antibiotics too often in humans and animals and in cases where antibiotics are not an appropriate treatment can make resistance develop more quickly, making it a major challenge, especially in healthcare facilities and for individuals with weakened immune systems. is funding and conducting research to better understand how microbes develop and pass on resistance genes. NIAID is also supporting the development of new and faster diagnostic tests to make it easier for doctors to prescribe the most effective drug. Learn more: https://go.nih.gov/81Gs3Ia

03/04/2025

Looking for ways to counter Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), NIAID researchers are examining how the virus recognizes and interacts with cells at the molecular level. New research reveals the high-resolution crystal structure of a protein on the surface of EBV in complex with the receptor it binds to on the surface of human immune cells, called B cells. The researchers also discovered antibodies that potently neutralize EBV and found that they recognize the viral surface protein using interactions similar to those between EBV and its receptor on host cells. This research identifies a vulnerable site on EBV that could lead to the design of much-needed interventions against the virus, which causes mononucleosis (mono for short) and some types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Learn more at https://go.nih.gov/GuoLEts