05/28/2026
What did California learn after adopting “top two” primaries?
According to Professor Andrew Sinclair of Claremont McKenna College:
✅ Competition increased
✅ Participation increased
✅ Independent voters became more engaged in the process
In recent testimony, Sinclair explained that California’s reform created more meaningful elections — especially in districts where one party previously dominated and the real contest happened in a low-turnout partisan primary.
Under the old system, many independent voters were effectively excluded from participation. Under “top two,” every voter receives the same ballot and can vote for any candidate.
As Sinclair put it:
“Partisan primaries exclude many voters. Nonpartisan rules bring them back in.”
His testimony also highlights how same-party general elections increased competition in districts where general elections had previously been noncompetitive and largely symbolic.
As more states debate primary reform, California’s experience offers one of the clearest real-world examples of how opening the system can increase participation and force candidates to compete for more voters.
Read the testimony:
Last week, voters in Washington, D.C. voted overwhelmingly to open primary elections to independent voters, while similar ballot initiatives fell short in a half-dozen other states.