09/01/2026
“Liberty, that is, the equality of personal rights.”
— Thomas Paine, Agrarian Justice (1797)
Note 3 in the Agrarian Justice text in the new Thomas Paine: Collected Writings draws attention to an important textual variation: “Conway translates the misinterpretation in the Ragouleau edition and writes: ‘The right of voting . . . is inherent in the word Liberty, and constitutes the equality of personal rights.’ That means the right to vote constitutes the equality of personal rights. In the Adlard-Desemmes edition, liberty is defined as an equality of personal rights. This obviously does not have the same meaning.”
Read Agrarian Justice in Volume III (1793–1809) of the new six-volume Thomas Paine: Collected Writings, published by Princeton University Press.