05/20/2026
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Summary of the Biblical Cosmology Model (Ancient Hebrew Worldview)
This diagram depicts the ancient Israelite understanding of the universe based on Genesis and other Scriptures. It presents a layered, Earth-centered cosmos held together by God’s order:
Key Layers (Top to Bottom):
Heavenly Waters (Genesis 1:7)
Vast waters above the cosmos, separated on Day 2 of Creation.
Third Heaven (2 Corinthians 12:2)
The highest heaven — God’s dwelling place and Paradise.
Second Heaven (Genesis 1:14–17)
Realm of the Sun, Moon, and Stars.
First Heaven (Genesis 1:20)
The sky/atmosphere where birds fly and clouds form.
Firmament (Raqia/Expanse) (Genesis 1:6–8)
A solid dome-like structure that holds back the heavenly waters and separates the waters above from the waters below. Celestial bodies are set within or upon it.
Earth
A flat, tiered disk at the center, surrounded by oceans. Divided into dry land (Terrestrial) and sea.
Underworld (Sheol / Realm of the Dead)
The region beneath the Earth — abode of the dead (Philippians 2:10).
Core Features:
Cosmic Waters above the firmament and below the Earth.
Three Heavens concept common in Jewish thought.
Everything is purposefully ordered and sustained by God, with Earth as the focal point of creation.
This is a theological and phenomenological model — it describes the world as it appeared and was understood in ancient times, emphasizing God’s sovereignty over creation rather than modern scientific cosmology. It serves as a helpful framework for biblical study and understanding how Scripture communicates to its original audience.
