06/12/2026
The Moses of the Mennonites: Carl Bernhard Schmidt and German Mennonite Immigration to Kansas in the 1870s
“The 1870s were a very turbulent time for our German ancestors living in the Russian Empire. Czar Alexander II introduced many reforms, including the abolition of serfdom. However, he also ended the Codex of the Colonists, abolishing privileges & rights promised a century earlier to German immigrants. At the same time in the New World, countries were anxious to attract immigrants to develop their vast plains into farmlands. In the US, there was rivalry among states over immigration, such as between Kansas and Nebraska, as well as the Dakota Territory. Railroad agents played a major role. The railroads had been granted land by the government as payment for constructing new rail lines. They were anxious to sell this land to immigrants. This presentation will center on the role of one of the railway immigration agents, Carl Bernhard Schmidt. Working for the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe railroad, Schmidt was instrumental in the immigration of an estimated 5,000 German Mennonites from Russia to Kansas during the 1870s. His efforts earned him the nickname of the “Moses of Mennonites”.”
Wayne Garman is a descendant of Germans from Russia. His paternal ancestors came from the Black Sea Kutschurgan region, from the villages of Elsass & Strassburg. His maternal ancestors were Mennonite and immigrated from the Chortitza colony in central Ukraine.
Wayne grew up on a farm near the town of Allan, Saskatchewan, Canada, a predominantly Germans from Russia community. He has lived and worked in the US for over 30 years. Upon semi-retirement, Wayne completed a Master’s degree in History from Texas State University. Historical research and writing now make up his retirement career. He has presented at a number of Germans from Russia conventions, as well as written articles for Germans from Russia journals. He is currently president of the Arizona Sun Chapter of Germans from Russia in Phoenix, AZ, and a board member of AHSGR.
https://ahsgr.org/convention-2026/