06/18/2026
Initiative 195 would replace Colorado's flat income tax with a progressive tax. This report analyzes the proposal's economic and fiscal effects.
How Would Initiative #195 Affect TABOR?
Approved by voters in 1992, the Colorado Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) strictly limits the amount of revenue state and local governments can collect, retain, and spend. It states that:
State and local governments cannot raise tax rates or create new taxes without direct approval from voters.
Annual government revenue growth is capped by a formula based on the rate of inflation plus the state’s population growth.
If the government collects more tax revenue in a fiscal year than the cap allows, the surplus must be refunded directly to Colorado taxpayers.
If the government collects more tax revenue in a fiscal year than the cap allows, the surplus must be refunded directly to Colorado taxpayers.[vii]
Because Initiative #195 would be a voter-approved tax increase, the new revenue it proposes to generate is exempt from TABOR limits. The state government would keep this additional revenue instead of returning it to taxpayers in years with revenue excesses, but TABOR refunds in those years would be unchanged.
Initiative 195 would replace Colorado’s flat income tax with a progressive tax. This report analyzes the proposal’s economic and fiscal effects.