06/13/2026
How do we study horseshoe crabs?
DMF relies on three surveys to monitor horseshoe crab populations in Massachusetts—a trawl survey, spawning survey, and beach seine survey. These surveys collect data on horseshoe crab abundance by monitoring adult and late-stage juvenile populations over extensive time series. Each of these three surveys demonstrate positive population abundance trends over the past 10-15 years. When long-term data reveal similar trends in horseshoe crab population health, it enhances confidence in both the data and population status.
All three surveys have indicated positive trends in the local horseshoe crab population:
- The trawl survey is conducted by DMF each year during the fall and spring from a research vessel towing a net at stations statewide. This survey has shown improvements in relative abundance over the past 10 to 15 years, particularly south of Cape Cod with 2025 spring survey data observing a record high number of female crabs.
- The spawning beach survey is a joint DMF-volunteer survey conducted each spring along certain beaches in the southeastern portion of the state and counts adult crabs spawning along the beach. 90% of spawning survey locations show an increasing trend over the last 10 years.
- The seine survey is conducted by DMF each year during the early summer from beaches along embayments on the south side of Cape Cod. This survey has exhibited an increasing trend for 20 years.
These results, informed by long-term data, are promising for horseshoe crab populations. Research and monitoring continue to be done in partnership with organizations, fishermen, and scientists across the state.
To learn more about Horseshoe Crab Monitoring, visit the link in our bio.