05/22/2026
In honor of Memorial Day, this week we are featuring Captain Nicholas Biddle, who was a Captain in the first Continental Navy fleet in 1776. Nicholas had a dream of entering the Royal Navy, and did so in 1771. That experience provided the crucial training that would establish him as a frontrunner for leadership positions within the new Continental Navy, and the only captain of that fleet to hail from Philadelphia. Unfortunately, Nicholas’s career was short-lived; in March 1778, his ship, the Randolph, exploded in an engagement with the 64-gun HMS Yarmouth. Nicholas is recognized as one of America’s first naval heroes, as his courageous conduct during that fateful engagement was preserved by the Randolph's three survivors, who provided accounts of Nicholas’s courageous last moments.
Nicholas's story could not have been so well told without our partnership with the American Philosophical Society. With their help, we digitized and transcribed the unique Nicholas Biddle Letterbook, held in Andalusia's archives, making its contents available online through The Revolutionary City portal. This book of manuscripts spans Nicholas’s career from 1771 to 1778 and includes letters with siblings and colleagues, crew lists, a prize agreement, and his last will and testament. It paints a compelling picture of Nicholas’s witty personality, his rapport with family members, and the responsibilities and challenges he faced as the captain of a large crew.
View these documents and more at therevolutionarycity.org, of the American Philosophical Society.
[Slide 1]: Portrait of Captain Nicholas Biddle by Albert Rosenthal.
[Slide 2]: A Glorious Defeat, Early 20th century, Artist unknown, after George Gibbs (1870–1942), Lithograph.
[Slide 3]: Title page of The Letters of Captain Nicholas Biddle.