Doctor of Physiotherapy

Doctor of Physiotherapy .

Stroke is a medical emergency that happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, prevent...
22/09/2025

Stroke is a medical emergency that happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.

Types of Stroke

1. Ischemic Stroke

Caused by a blockage (blood clot) in a brain artery.

Most common type (about 80% of strokes).

2. Hemorrhagic Stroke

Caused by a burst blood vessel leading to bleeding in or around the brain.

3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Often called a mini-stroke.

Temporary blockage of blood flow; symptoms resolve within minutes or hours but serve as a warning sign of a future major stroke.

Signs & Symptoms (Remember FAST)

F – Face drooping: One side of the face droops or feels numb.

A – Arm weakness: Weakness or numbness in one arm or leg.

S – Speech difficulty: Trouble speaking or understanding speech.

T – Time to call emergency: Immediate medical attention is needed.

Other possible symptoms:

Sudden, severe headache

Loss of balance or dizziness

Blurred or double vision

Risk Factors

High blood pressure

Diabetes

High cholesterol

Smoking

Obesity

Older age

Treatment

Ischemic Stroke: Clot-dissolving drugs (thrombolytics) or clot removal procedures (thrombectomy).
Hemorrhagic Stroke: Controlling blood pressure, sometimes surgery to repair the vessel.
Rehabilitation: Physiotherapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy help restore mobility, speech, and daily function.

Tennis elbow is a painful condition that occurs when the tendons in your elbow are overloaded, usually due to repetitive...
20/09/2025

Tennis elbow is a painful condition that occurs when the tendons in your elbow are overloaded, usually due to repetitive wrist and arm motions. Despite its name, it’s not limited to tennis players — it can affect anyone who frequently uses their forearm muscles.

🔹 Causes

Repetitive stress or overuse of wrist extensor muscles

Poor technique in sports (especially racket sports)

Activities like typing, painting, carpentry, or lifting with the wrist in extension

🔹 Symptoms

Pain and tenderness on the outer side of the elbow (lateral epicondyle)

Pain worsens with gripping, shaking hands, or lifting objects

Weak grip strength

Pain may radiate down the forearm

🔹 Diagnosis

Clinical history and physical exam (Cozen’s test, Mill’s test, Maudsley’s test)

Imaging (X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound) is rarely needed unless severe

🔹 Treatment

Conservative (first line):

Rest and activity modification

Ice packs for pain and inflammation

Physiotherapy:

Stretching and strengthening (eccentric wrist extensor exercises)

Ultrasound therapy, TENS

Bracing (counterforce strap or wrist splint)

NSAIDs for pain relief

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), also called “Runner’s Knee”, is a common musculoskeletal condition that causes pain...
19/09/2025

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), also called “Runner’s Knee”, is a common musculoskeletal condition that causes pain around or behind the kneecap (patella), especially during activities that load the knee joint.

🔹 Causes & Risk Factors

Overuse / Repetitive stress (running, squatting, climbing stairs)

Malalignment of patella (kneecap not tracking properly in the femoral groove)

Weak quadriceps (especially vastus medialis oblique – VMO)

Tight muscles (hamstrings, iliotibial band, calf muscles)

Flat feet / Overpronation

Trauma (direct blow or fall on the knee)

🔹 Symptoms

Dull, aching pain around or behind the kneecap

Pain worsens with:

Climbing or descending stairs

Squatting

Running, jumping

Sitting for long periods (“theatre sign”)

Sometimes mild swelling or grinding sound (crepitus)

🔹 Diagnosis

Clinical history & physical examination

Special tests:

Clarke’s test (patellar grind test)

Observation of patellar tracking during knee flexion/extension

Imaging (X-ray/MRI) is rarely needed unless another condition is suspected.

🔹 Management

✅ Conservative treatment is first-line

Rest & activity modification – avoid painful activities initially

Ice & NSAIDs – for pain and inflammation

Physiotherapy:

Strengthening of quadriceps (esp. VMO) and hip abductors

Stretching (hamstrings, IT band, calves)

Patellar taping or bracing for alignment

Foot orthotics – if flat feet/overpronation present

Gradual return to activity once pain reduces

❌ Surgery – very rarely needed, only if conservative treatment fails

04/11/2023

صبر اور نماز ،🌹

خوش رہنے کا راز ہے.♥️

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