11/03/2026
In March 1609, a peace agreement between Maguindanao and Spain was made, a pact that was honored for at least the next 25 years.
Earlier, the 60-ship fleet of Maguindanao ruler Kapitan Laut Buisan and his Caraga allies was unable to carry on their planned raid after being cornered by a Spanish fleet under Juan Gallinato at Panguil Bay. The resulting impasse convinced Buisan that his massive fleet, which has successfully attacked Spanish seas and coastal towns for a decade, was rendered ineffective by the numerically inferior Spanish fleet. Thus, in an agreement witnessed by some 2,000 Muslim warriors, Buisan and Rajah Sirungan (Sirongan) made peace with Spain.
At about the same time, Sirungan had been negotiating with the Dutch, who had been showing interest in nearby Borneo. In October 1614, future Dutch East Indies Governor General Laurens Reael met with Sulu and Maguindanao rulers in Zamboanga who sought an alliance with the Netherlands to fight Spain. While Buisan was likely elated with Dutch recognition of his rule in Maguindanao, he was less convinced about their actual capacity to send assistance, as he saw with the case of Sulu Sultan Muwallil Wasit (Rajah Bongsu).
Nonetheless, Buisan's diplomatic ties with the Dutch carried over to his son, Sultan Kudarat (Qudarat, Guserat). In 1619, shortly after Buisan's death, Kudarat sought the help of the Dutch to resolve internal conflict in the realm. However, the Dutch did not see real advantage in supporting one Muslim ruler over the other, especially if both of them were potential antagonists of Spain. Instead, they attempted to broker peace between the two in 1621.
The apparent neutrality of the Dutch gravitated Kudarat to Spain, which proved to be more generous by loaning him an artillery piece. In exchange, Kudarat opened up commercial relations with the Spanish government, allowed Christian missions, and even offered the Spanish to build a fort in his territory. It was not the end, however, of Kudarat's troubles in keeping Buisan's empire together. Learn more about Kapitan Laut Buisan's military career: https://history-ph.blogspot.com/2020/07/buisan.html
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