04/09/2026
Oyetola Moves Inland Dry Ports to NPA: A Welcome Shift.
Finally, the pieces of Nigeria’s port governance architecture are beginning to fall into place
There are government decisions in the maritime sector that deserve more than a passing news headline. The Federal Government’s decision to transfer the Inland Dry Port (IDP) functions of the Nigerian Shippers’ Council to the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) is one of them.
Here on this platform as Industry stakeholders, we welcome this development.
Not because the Nigerian Shippers’ Council has not played an important role in the development of Nigeria’s inland dry-port concept—it certainly has. Indeed, the Council describes the IDP programme as an initiative it promoted and facilitated under a public-private partnership framework.
Rather, we welcome the transfer because it addresses a much bigger problem: who should regulate the port system, who should develop its infrastructure, and who should operate it?
For too long, these responsibilities have existed in an overlapping institutional environment.
The new direction provides an opportunity to begin correcting that.
The regulator should not be the developer
The Minister of Marine and Blue Economy, Adegboyega Oyetola, has linked the IDP transfer directly to the ongoing transition of the Nigerian Shippers’ Council into the newly established Nigeria Ports Economic Regulatory Agency (NPERA).
Under the emerging framework, NPERA is expected to concentrate on economic regulation—including tariffs and charges, competition, licensing, service standards, commercial dispute resolution and protection of port users.
That is where the regulator should be.
A regulator should establish the rules, monitor compliance, protect competition and provide a level playing field.
It should not simultaneously be responsible for promoting or developing the infrastructure over which it may subsequently have regulatory jurisdiction.
The Minister put the principle rather simply: “A regulator cannot function as an operator, and at the same time, be expected to be perceived as an unbiased referee.”
We agree.
And we believe the same principle should apply to infrastructure development.
Why NPA makes sense for Inland Dry Ports
An inland dry port is not simply a warehouse located somewhere away from the coastline.
Properly developed, it is an extension of the national port logistics chain.
It connects the seaports to the hinterland. It facilitates cargo movement by road and rail, supports customs clearance, reduces pressure on congested seaports and brings port services closer to importers and exporters.
The Nigerian Shippers’ Council itself identifies these objectives among the principal benefits of inland dry ports.
That makes the NPA a logical institutional home for the developmental and infrastructure-integration aspects of the IDP programme.
The NPA already operates within the national port infrastructure ecosystem. Consequently, integrating inland dry ports into the wider seaport network, rail connections, cargo evacuation systems and port logistics strategy should become considerably easier.
But there is an important qualification.
Transfer must not mean merely transfer of paperwork.
It must mean integration.
The real test begins now
The danger is that Nigeria could transfer the responsibility from one agency to another without solving the underlying problem.
That would simply produce a new institutional arrangement around an old system.
The NPA should therefore approach the IDP programme as part of a national logistics network, not as a collection of isolated dry-port projects.
An effective IDP strategy should answer some basic questions:
- Which seaports will each IDP principally serve?
- What cargo corridors will they support?
- How will rail and road connections be integrated?
- What cargo volumes can each facility realistically handle?
- How will Customs and other government agencies operate at the facilities?
- What incentives will encourage shippers to use them?
- How will congestion at the seaports translate into cargo diversion to the hinterland?
- What commercial model will make the facilities financially sustainable?
- How will private concessionaires be protected from arbitrary policy changes?
- And, critically, how will cargo visibility be maintained across the entire port-to-hinterland chain?
These questions matter more than simply changing the agency responsible.
We should also be careful not to create another monopoly
There is another issue that deserves attention.
Separating NPERA from NPA is a positive development. But the country must avoid replacing one form of institutional overlap with another form of concentration.
NPA should develop and integrate the infrastructure. NPERA should regulate the economic environment in which NPA and private operators function.
That distinction must remain clear.
Where private-sector concessionaires operate IDPs, their commercial relationship with government must be transparent, predictable and bankable.
Investors cannot be expected to commit long-term capital to inland logistics infrastructure if the institutional rules keep changing.
The emergence of NPERA should therefore provide the regulatory certainty that investors have long needed.
What happens to the Shippers’ Council legacy?
There is also a need to acknowledge history.
The Nigerian Shippers’ Council was instrumental in promoting the inland dry-port concept. Its own records describe the IDP programme as a mechanism for bringing shipping services closer to hinterland shippers, reducing seaport congestion, lowering transportation costs and supporting rail development.
The transfer should therefore not be interpreted as a repudiation of the Council's work.
Rather, it should be viewed as institutional maturation.
The Council's role in developing the concept has served its purpose. With the emergence of NPERA, its future regulatory responsibilities should be clearly defined, while NPA takes responsibility for integrating IDPs into the physical port and logistics architecture.
That is how institutional reform should work.
The bigger opportunity: one Nigerian port system
This is where we believe the government's decision could become transformational.
Nigeria should stop thinking about Lagos Port, Onne, Warri, Calabar, Lekki, inland dry ports, rail freight corridors and road logistics as disconnected projects.
They are components of one national port and logistics system.
The ultimate objective should be to enable a container destined for Kano, Kaduna, Aba, Ibadan or other hinterland markets to move through the most efficient corridor without unnecessary dependence on the congested Lagos port environment.
The IDP should become the point at which cargo effectively enters the hinterland economy—not merely another place where containers are parked.
And there is a digital dimension
There is an additional opportunity that government should not overlook.
If inland dry ports are to function as genuine extensions of the seaports, Nigeria needs end-to-end cargo visibility.
Cargo should be digitally traceable from vessel arrival, through terminal handling and evacuation, to rail or road movement and final inland processing.
This is where Nigeria's broader port digitalisation agenda becomes important.
An integrated digital architecture connecting vessels, cargo, terminals, inland dry ports, transport operators, Customs and relevant regulatory agencies could significantly reduce opacity, delays and opportunities for informal intervention.
The physical IDP network and the digital logistics network should therefore be developed together.
One without the other will limit the benefits.
Our position
We see the Minister's decision as a welcome step in the right direction.
But we would go further.
This should be the beginning of a comprehensive clarification of Nigeria's maritime institutional architecture.
NPERA should regulate.
NPA should develop and manage port infrastructure.
Private operators should operate commercially within clearly defined rules.
And government agencies should collaborate through clearly delineated mandates rather than competing jurisdictions.
That is the model Nigeria needs.
The transfer of IDP functions to NPA therefore matters for more than inland dry ports.
It is a test of whether Nigeria is finally prepared to move from a system of overlapping maritime institutions to a coherent port governance architecture.
The opportunity is now before us.
Let us not merely transfer functions. Let us build a system.