06/10/2021
NAUPANG CHUNGA RORELNA
Laldinpuia Tlau
Tunah chuan dan bawhchhiaa puh naupang chu court-a hruai theih a ni tawh lo a, Juvenile Justice Board-in a ngaihtuah ta a. Jail-a tan tir theih a ni tawh lo a, naupang dah hranna hmun tur chu Child Care Institution a lo ni ta. Thil sual pawi tawp a khawih a nih pawhin thi khawp hiala hrem theih a ni lo a, dam chhung lung in tang tura Persia dan ang bura ngheta rel sak theih a ni bawk lo. Naupang vanduai, a bika ngaihsak leh venhim ngaite awm zel dan tur rel turin Child Welfare Committee a awm ta bawk. Falak (adoption) kawngkal pawh a dang zo ta. Heng thilte inziahna hi Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 a ni. He dan hian mi tupawh k*m 18 tling lo phawt chu naupang tiin a sawi a. He dan hi a ngial a nganin Mizoramah pawh hman a ni. Adoption thil bikah erawh chuan, India danpui article 371-G-na tanchhanin, JJ Act hi a ngial a ngana hman tur a ni em tih thuah ngaihdan a rual chiah lo thei ang.
Police-in thil an chhui hi investigation a ni a, court-in thubuai a ngaihtuah hi trial a ni. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 hnuaia Juvenile Justice Board leh Child Welfare Committee-in naupang chungchang an ngaihtuah hi inquiry a ni. Inquiry awmzia hi he dan bu hian hrilhfiah lo mah se, ‘thil chhui’ sawina a ni tih kan hre thei a. Chuti ni se, engti anga kalpui tur nge ni ang le?
Inquiry kalpui dan hre tur chuan, criminal law/case leh civil law/case kan hriat hmasak phawt a tul ang. Criminal chu dan bawhchhetute hremna lam thil a ni. Police leh E&N-in case an siam sak reng reng chu criminal a ni. Judicial Magistrate First Class, Chief Judicial Magistrate leh Session Judge te hi criminal court a ni. Civil law/case chu danin hamthatna leh chanvo min pek chang tur leh hlen tura beihna hi a ni. Fa inchuh te, ro inchuh te, pawisa inthinna, Heirship certificate ang chi hi a ni. Civil Judge, Senior Civil Judge leh District Judge te hi civil court a ni.
Inquiry kalpui dan hre turin, khawthlang dan kan hriat hmasak a la tul cheu awm e. Hmasanga hnam tin dan kha chu sakhaw zirtirna nen a inbahra ngul zem chuat vek a. Hnam pui fing hmasate chuan ram rorelna dan leh sakhaw zirtirna chu an la hrang thiam ta a, chu chu ‘Western secular legal tradition’ tiin an sawi mai thin. A tak takah phei chuan an dan siamte chu sakhaw zirtirna atangin a kal hla lutuk ngai chuang lo a, IPC-ah pawh hian Bible zirtirna a inphum hnem hle a ni. Western secular legal tradition chu kakpui pahnihah a inthen phawk a. Pakhat chu common law ram niin pakhat dang chu civil law ram a ni. Common law ram leh civil law ramin thubuai an kalpui danah inang lo a awm nual a, a bikin civil case-ah aiin criminal case kalpui danah inang lo a langsar lehzual.
Criminal case kalpui dan (criminal justice system) bika Common law leh civil law kal dan inang lo thil pahnih han sawi ila. Common law ramte chuan Adversarial system an hmang a. He system hnuaiah hi chuan, inkhingte an inkhing mawp mawp a, thuhretu leh an tanhmun tur pawh anmahni an inngaihtuah vek a. Magistrate/judge-te chu phusa ber an ni lo a, inkhingten an sawi tur neih zawng zawng an sawi zawhin thutlukna an siam thin. He system-ah hi chuan ukil-te an pawimawh hle a, ‘lawyer-led’ an ti. Civil law ramte chuan Inquisitorial system an hmang a. He system hnuaiah chuan, police-in thil a chhui ang maiin, magistrate/judge-te chuan thuhretu tur leh thutlukna siamna atana thil tul apiang an dap chawp vek a ni. Chuvang chuan ‘judge-led’ an ti ve thung. Adversarial system-ah chuan a tuartu (victim) hian thuhretu (witness) pakhat a nih bak chu chanvo a nei lem lo a. Inquisitorial system-ah chuan a kila lung tangkai ber pakhat a ni.
India hi common law zui ram kan nih avangin, kan criminal court-te hian adversarial system hi an hmang a. Mahse, JJB leh CWC-te chuan inquisitorial system ang deuh hian inquiry an kalpui ang.
K*m 18 an tlin hmaa dan bawhchhia nia puhte chu ‘child in conflict with law’ an ti a. Court chuan accused-in dan a bawhchhiat leh bawhchhiat loh hi uluk takin a ngaihtuah phawt a. Dan bawhchhe lo chu a chhuah zalen, dan bawhchhia chauh a hrem thin. Chutiang chuan JJB-in inquiry a tih laia a hun tam ber a senna tur chu naupangin dan a bawhchhiat leh bawhchhiat loh chhui chhuah a ni. A bawhchhiat loh chuan a chhuah zalen ang a, a bawhchhiat chuan order a pass ang.
JJB ang bawk hian, CWC-in inquiry a tih laia a hun tam ber a senna tur chu, naupang chu S.2 (14) sawi anga ‘child in need of care and protection’ a ni em tih finfiah a ni. Supreme Court chuan a huam chin hi tizau duaiin, JJ Act sawi piah lamah state ngaihsakna leh venhimna mamawh apiang chu rin luh theih a nih thu a sawi. Naupang chu CNCP a nih loh chuan a chungchangah rel zul tur a awm lo, CNCP a nih erawh chuan, a tul angin order pass thin a ni. Naupang chu dan bawhchhia a nih emaw a bika ngaihsak leh venhim ngai a nih emaw avanga JJB leh CWC-ten order an pass lai hian Social Investigation Report hi an hmang tangkai thin.
Parliament chuan JJ Act kaltlangin naupangte chunga rorelna chu JJB leh CWC kutah a dah ta a. Mizoramah chuan JJB leh CWC hi district tinah din a ni ta bawk. Naupang sual leh chimawm an lo awm a nih chuan JJB kuta dah nachang hria ila. Sawrkar chakna hmanga naupang ngaihsak leh venhim ngai an awm a nih chuan CWC a awm tih i hre thar bawk ang u.
