14/01/2021
माघ मेला हिन्दुओं का सर्वाधिक प्रिय धार्मिक एवं सांस्कृतिक मेला है। हिन्दू पंचांग के अनुसार १४ या १५ जनवरी को मकर संक्रांति के दिन माघ महीने में यह मेला आयोजित होता है। यह भारत के सभी प्रमुख तीर्थ स्थलों में मनाया जाता है। नदी या सागर स्नान इसका मुख्य उद्देश्य होता है। धार्मिक गतिविधियों, सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमों तथा पारंपरिक हस्त शिल्प, भोजन और दैनिक उपयोग की पारंपरिक वस्तुओं की बिक्री भी की जाती है। धार्मिक महत्त्व के अलावा यह मेला एक विकास मेला भी है तथा इसमें राज्य सरकार विभिन्न विभागों के विकास योजनाओं को प्रदर्शित करती है। प्रयाग, उत्तरकाशी, हरिद्वार इत्यादि स्थलों का माघ मेला प्रसिद्ध है। कहते हैं, माघ के धार्मिक अनुष्ठान के फलस्वरूप प्रतिष्ठानपुरी के नरेश पुरुरवा को अपनी कुरूपता से मुक्ति मिली थी। वहीं भृगु ऋषि के सुझाव पर व्याघ्रमुख वाले विद्याधर और गौतम ऋषि द्वारा अभिशप्त इंद्र को भी माघ स्नान के महाम्त्य से ही श्राप से मुक्ति मिली थी। पद्म पुराण के महात्म्य के अनुसार-माघ स्नान से मनुष्य के शरीर में स्थित उपाताप जलकर भस्म हो जाते हैं। इस प्रकार माघमेले का धार्मिक महत्त्व भी है।
The largest pilgrimage festival in the world, the Kumbh Mela. Focusing on the festival in a key northern Indian political town, Allahabad, the historical changes in the nature of the mela from the 1700s onward, with particular reference to the influence of British colonialism and the growth of Indian nationalism in the region. It charts the early nationalists' active construction of religion as a sphere of sovereignty, and the attendant changes to religious and social practices at the mela. Further, the links between the religious community that the mela fostered and the spread of nationalism in the early twentieth century. It also follows and analyzes debates about the role of religion - so often described as modernity's other - in the creation of notions of citizenship and civil society in the late colonial and postcolonial Indian nation.
Kumbh Mela is made up of two words Kumbh and Mela. The name Kumbh is derived from the immortal pot of nectar which the Devtas and the demons fought over as described in ancient Vedic scriptures known as the Puranas. Mela, as we all are familiar, is a Sanskrit word meaning 'gathering' or 'to meet'.
The history of Kumbh Mela is related to the days when the Devtas and the Demons conjointly produced nectar of immortality as depicted by the legends. The Devtas and the demons agreed to complete the task together and decided to share the nectar of immorality in half. The Devtas and the demons then assembled on the shore of the milk ocean that lies in the celestial region of the cosmos. The churning of the milk ocean produced a deadly poison which Lord Shiva drank without being affected. After crossing through many hurdles years later, Dhanwantari appeared with the nectar of immortality in her hands.
The Devtas forcibly ceased the pot with its safety entrusted onto the four Gods - Brahaspati, Surya, Shani, and Chandra. Thereafter, the demons chased the Devtas for many days. During this time the drops of Kumbh dropped at 4 places Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik. These four places are since then believed to have acquired mystical powers. The fight for the Kumbh i.e. the sacred pitcher between the Gods and demons continued for 12 divine days, which is considered to be as long as 12 years for humans. That is why the Kumbh Mela is celebrated once in 12 years and gathering took place on the above mentioned sacred places or holy sites. It is said that during this period the rivers turned into Amrit and so, several pilgrims from across the world visit the Kumbh Mela to bathe in the essence of purity and immortality.
Types of Kumbh Melas
Maha Kumbh Mela: It is held only in Prayagraj. It comes in every 144 years or after 12 Purna (Complete) Kumbh Mela.
Purna Kumbh Mela: It comes every 12 years. Mainly held at 4 Kumbh Mela Places in India i.e. Prayagraj, Haridwar, Nashik and Ujjain. It rotates every 12 years at these 4 places.
Ardh Kumbh Mela: It means Half Kumbh Mela which is held every 6 years in India only at two places i.e. Haridwar and Prayagraj.
Kumbh Mela: Held at four different places and is organised by the state governments. Millions of people participate with spiritual enthusiasm.
Magh Kumbh Mela: It is also known as Mini Kumbh Mela which is held annually and only at Prayagraj. It is organised in the month of Magh according to the Hindu Calendar.
The venue for Kumbh Mela is decided according to the position of the Sun, Moon and Jupiter hold in that period in different zodiac signs.
Since then, Kumbh Mela is celebrated with all the ritual beliefs and people from different aspects gather to celebrate the eve.
Some interesting facts about Kumbh Mela
- Kumbh Mela is the largest religious gatherings in the world which is also known as "World's largest congregation of religious pilgrims".
- The first written evidence of the Kumbh Mela is mentioned in Bhagvat Purana. Another written evidence of Kumbh Mela is mentioned in the works of Chinese traveller Hsuan Tsang ( or Xuanzang) who visited India in 629-645 AD, during the reign of Harshavardhana. Also, about the Samudra Manthan is also mentioned in the Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Purana, Mahabharata and Ramayana.
- Amongst the four cities Prayagraj, Nashik, Haridwar and Ujjain, the Kumbh Mela held in Prayagraj is the oldest of all.
- Other activities also took place at the Kumbh Mela with bathing are Pravachan, Kirtan and Maha Prasad.
- No doubt, Kumbh Mela is a major temporary source of earning that gives many people employment.
- In Kumbh Mela, the first bath is lead by the Saints which is known as Shahi Snan of Kumbh and it starts at 3 AM. After the royal bath of the Saint's common people gets permission to take a bath in the holy river.
- According to Hindu Mythology, it is believed that who take a dip in the holy water of Ganga they are eternally blessed. Not only this, but it also washes the sin and moves them towards the path of salvation.
- The four places or sites of Kumbh Mela is because of the Amrit or an immortal drink that was dropped by Vishnu at these four places.
- The world's largest gathering Kumbh Mela has been included in the UNESCO's representative list 'Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity'.
- Kumbh Mela takes place on the dates when the nectar is said to have fallen in the holy river. Every year, the dates are calculated according to the combination of Jupiter, the Sun and the Moon's zodiac positions.
- Kumbh means 'nectar'. Kumbh Mela story dates back to the time when gods resided on the earth. They had been weakened by the curse of sage Durvasa and the demons were causing mayhem on the earth.
