26/08/2026
Elizabeth Montagu née Robinson, the 'Queen of the Bluestockings', who was a close friend (and third cousin) of Primate Robinson. The only record we have of his thoughts and plans for his new Rokeby Hall estate come from the letters he wrote to her, which still survive. On his death, his title of Lord Rokeby of Armagh passed to her brother Matthew Robinson by special remainder.
She said she never invited idiots into her house. She was not joking. Elizabeth Montagu's gatherings in Mayfair became the most celebrated intellectual salon in eighteenth-century England, drawing Samuel Johnson, Horace Walpole, Joshua Reynolds, Edmund Burke, and every significant figure of the age into her famous semicircle of chairs, where conversation replaced card playing and women were expected to participate as equals in the discussion. Johnson named her Queen of the Bluestockings, which is rather like being awarded an honour by the institution you helped found.
She was born in York on 2 October 1718, educated unusually well for a woman of her era, and married at twenty-four to Edward Montagu, a wealthy coal proprietor thirty years her senior. When he died in 1775 he left her one of the wealthiest widows in Britain. She managed his coal mines herself, expanded them, and used the profits to build Montagu House in Portman Square, completed in 1782, with a famous feather room whose walls were hung entirely with birds' plumage. She threw an annual May Day feast for London's chimney sweeps, providing them with a meal, new clothes, and dancing, every year until her death.
In 1769 she published An Essay on the Writings and Genius of Shakespear, a defence of Shakespeare against Voltaire's criticisms, written in vigorous and polished prose. It ran through five editions in her lifetime. Johnson praised it. Voltaire did not respond.
Died on this day in 1800, Elizabeth Montagu, Queen of the Bluestockings. She managed coal mines, fed chimney sweeps, and defended Shakespeare against Voltaire. History tends to remember the semicircle of chairs. She was considerably more than a hostess.
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