04/08/2026
This year marks the 200th anniversary of the Exodus of Messolonghi - the great symbol of Greece’s struggle for independence which united Philhellenes in support of the Greek cause.
Messolonghi had been under siege by Ottoman forces for almost a year. Its people were starving and could no longer resist. But rather than surrender, they planned a nighttime breakout in which the men, women and children of the city would force their way through enemy lines to freedom. The majority were slaughtered, but some made it to the island of Kalamos where they were welcomed and sheltered by the locals.
Among the refugees from Messolonghi was Aikaterini Plessou. In Kalamos, Aikaterini met Irishman James Henry Crummer who was commander of the British garrison on the island. They married in 1827 and, in 1835, they moved to Sydney where Major Crummer took up a role in the colonial administration.
Aikaterini became the first Greek woman to settle in Australia. She lived until the age of 98, had 11 children, and is buried in Waverley Cemetery.
Annual events on Kalamos honour the heroic sacrifice of the people of Messelonghi and the assistance offered by the locals to the Messolonghians. Deputy Minister of Rural Development and Food and local MP for Lefkada and Kalamos, Athanasios Kavvadas, invited Ambassador Duncan to attend, as a tribute to Aikaterini.
So, it was with great pleasure that Ambassador Duncan joined Deputy Minister Kavvadas; the Mayor of Lefkada/Kalamos, Xenophon Verginis; Mayor of Messolonghi, Spyridon Diamantopoulos; the Metropolitan of Lefkada/Ithaca, His Eminence Theofilos; and local dignitaries from both places in Kalamos for events to mark the 200th Anniversary of the Exodus of the Sacred City of Messolonghi.
In his remarks, Minister Kavvadas paid tribute to Aikaterini as the mother of Greek Australians and one of the original bridges between our two countries. He was delighted to hear that a beautifully framed ambrotype of Aikaterini is housed in the State Library of New South Wales.
Αθανάσιος Ι. Καββαδάς