27/05/2025
Meaning:
A political party is a group of people who came to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. Since there can be different views on what is good for all. Parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others. They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections.
Thus, parties reflect fundamental political division in a society. Parties are about a part of the society and thus involve partisanship. Thus party is known by which part it stands for, which policies it Supports and whose interests it upholds. A political party has three components,
The leaders, the active members and the followers.
Functions
1- Parties contest elections. In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways. In some countries, such as the USA, members and supporters of a party choose its candidates. Now more and more countries are following this method. In other countries like India, top party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections.
2- Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what policies are suitable for the society. But no government can handle such a large variety of views. In democracy, always number of similar opinions have to be grouped together to provide a direction in which policies can be formulated by the governments. This is what the parties do. A party can reduces a vast multitudes of opinions into a few basic positions which it supports. A government is expected to base its policies on the line taken by the ruling party.
3- Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature. But since most of the members belong to a party, they go by the direction of the party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinions.
4- Parties form and run governments. The big policy decisions are taken by political executive that comes from the political parties. Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make them Ministers to run the government in the way they want.
5- Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the parties in power, by voicing different views and criticising government for its failures or wrong policies. Opposition parties also mobilise opposition to the government.
6- Part shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues. Parties have lakhs of members and Activists spread all over the country. Many of the pressure groups are the extension of political parties. Among different sections of society. Parties sometimes also launch movement for the resolution of problems faced by people. Often opinion in the society, crystallise on the lines parties take.
7- Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare scheme implement by governments. For an ordinary citizen it is easy to approach a local party leader than a government officer. That is why they feel close to parties even when they do not fully trust them. Parties have to be responsive to people's needs and demands. Otherwise people can reject those parties in the next elections.
