07/20/2021
On This Day in 1969, humankind took our first steps on the moon.
The mission, famously dubbed Apollo 11, launched from Cape Kennedy on July 16, 1969. Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin orbited the Earth at an average height of 115 miles before second stage rockets burned to take them into translunar orbit.
Around 3 days (75 hours, 49 minutes, 50 seconds) later, the Apollo 11 crew entered lunar orbit about 62 miles above the surface. While Armstrong and Aldrin descended towards the moon's surface in the lunar module, Collins stayed behind to pilot the command module. It was at this time that he disappeared behind the moon and was out of communication range from mission control for 48 minutes. This happened 3 more times during the mission. At the time, he had travelled the farthest into space than any other human.
Armstrong continued to pilot the module towards the lunar surface; as the two astronauts crept up to their landing site, fuel was running low. As he guided the vessel onto the surface of the moon, Armstrong's resting heart rate was 150 beats per minute. His heart rate started to return to "normal" after touchdown, when Aldrin spoke the first words on the moon, "contact light". They only had 15 seconds of fuel remaining in the tank.
As mission commander, Armstrong had the privilege of being the first astronaut to set foot on the moon. As he stepped off the ladder onto the lunar surface, Armstrong famously radioed back to Earth, "That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind."
Aldrin soon followed Armstrong down the ladder, and the two spent 21 hours and 36 minutes conducting various experiments and collecting samples for further research.
Finally, after 124 hours and 22 minutes since leaving Earth, the two astronauts climbed back into the module and launched to reunite with Collins for the return journey home. All three astronauts splashed down safely on July 24, 1969.
The Apollo 11 mission lasted 8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, and 35 seconds. While this mission was successfully conducted by our American allies, it illustrates a great accomplishment that could not have been done without the collaboration of hundreds of thousands of engineers, technicians, mathematicians, soldiers, and officers. Additionally, it required the hopes, dreams, and aspirations of billions of people around the world who believed that we - as humans - could accomplish something truly remarkable; a feat that would forever dictate our future on Earth and among the stars.
Further reading:
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