05/11/2026
In honor of Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage month, we share the story of Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee, a Chinese American immigrant, economist, suffragist, and women’s rights activist.
Born in 1896 in Guangzhou, China, Mabel Lee and her family moved to New York City’s Chinatown in 1905, when her father, the Rev. Lee Towe, was assigned to lead the Morningstar Mission. Lee excelled academically, earning a prestigious Boxer Indemnity Scholarship, a program for Chinese students to study in the United States. She then enrolled at Barnard College. She was deeply involved in the women’s suffrage movement – leading the nation’s largest suffrage parade at the time in New York City on May 4, 1912 on horseback. Lee’s participation in the parade strategically challenged prevailing stereotypes about Chinese women while advocating for women’s equality and empowerment, both here in the United States and abroad.
Throughout her education, activism, and leadership in the national Chinese Students Alliance (CSA), Mabel Lee bridged cultures and communities. She continued to educate Americans about the achievements of women in China. She also urged Chinese communities, through a series of essays published in the Chinese Students’ Monthly, to embrace women’s rights and education as essential to national progress. As much as Lee fought for suffrage in New York City, she was still deemed ineligible for citizenship (and the vote) being born in China due to the Chinese Exclusion Acts (1882-1943), –highlighting contradictions at the heart of the movement she supported.
In 1921, Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee made history again by becoming the first Chinese woman to earn a Ph.D. in economics from Columbia University. She would dedicate the rest of her life to serving her community in New York’s Chinatown by establishing the First Chinese Baptist Church and community center, which offered education, health services, job training and support for Chinese immigrants. After paving the way for so many others, it remains unclear whether she herself ever applied for citizenship or voted.
Learn more about the life of Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee: https://www.nps.gov/people/mabel-lee.htm
[Image description: Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee wearing a large overcoat and holding flowers; Bain News Service, Library of Congress]
During AAPI month, join a ranger for a pop-up living history program – “Voices Without Ballots: Chinese Americans in the Suffrage Movement." Visit the park's event calendar for more information and program times: https://www.nps.gov/wori/planyourvisit/calendar.htm