05/24/2026
Today is National Brother’s Day, so it's a good time to remember Harriet Tubman’s four brothers.
Robert, Harriet's eldest brother, was born in 1816. Ben followed in either 1823 or 1824. Henry came next in 1829 or 1830. Moses, the youngest, was born in 1832. When she herself was young, Harriet had to care for her younger siblings. She recalled fond memories of playing a game with them called “pig in a bag."
Harriet first attempted to escape in 1849 with brothers Ben and Henry. The men grew nervous after a notice was released about their escape. They convinced Harriet to turn back. That made Moses the first of the four brothers to escape to freedom, with Harriet’s aid, in 1851. Unfortunately, no further records of Moses have yet been discovered.
With their sister Harriet's help, the remaining brothers escaped on December 24, 1854. After they were free, all the brothers changed their names. For their surname, they all chose Stewart, the last name of a prominent white family in Dorchester County. Each brother took a new first name as well. Robert renamed himself John Stewart. Henry changed his name to William Henry Stewart. Ben became James Stewart. Ben’s fiancée Jane Kane, who escaped with the brothers, also changed her to Catherine Stewart.
James (formerly Ben) moved with Catherine to Chatham sometime between the summer of 1855 and the spring of 1861, where their son Elijah Ross Stewart was born. Both John (formerly Robert) and William (formerly Henry) moved to St. Catharine’s, Canada and worked as laborers. In 1861, William bought six acres of farmland, which he settled with his wife Harriet Ann and their four children. John eventually worked as a coachman for two doctors.
James died in 1863. William, however, lived until 1912, long enough to see his sister's dream of a Home for the Aged realized.
Source of photos: Kate Clifford Larson, Bound for the Promised Land, NPS Photo
Photo 1: Headstone reading “William Henry Stewart Sr. Brother of Harriet Tubman. 1830-1912.”
Photo 2: Photograph of William Henry Stewart from the 1860s.
Photo 3: Runaway notice for Harriet Tubman and her brothers Henry (referred to as Harry) and Ben from September 1849.