29/06/2023
SDG15 陸域生物
宗旨在保育及永續利用陸域生態系，確保生物多樣性並防止土地劣化。
聯合國公布各項永續發展目標，內容包括宗旨、目標與衡量目標是否達成之指標。
舉例說明，目標15.1：到 2020 年，根據國際協定規定的義務，確保保護、恢復和可持續利用陸地和內陸淡水生態系統及其服務，特別是森林、濕地、山脈和旱地，衡量此目標是否實現的標準為15.1.1： 森林面積佔土地總面積的比例。其餘以此類推。
目標和指標：
15.1：到 2020 年，根據國際協定規定的義務，確保保護、恢復和可持續利用陸地和內陸淡水生態系統及其服務，特別是森林、濕地、山脈和旱地
15.1.1：森林面積佔土地總面積的比例
15.1.2：按生態系統類型劃分的保護區覆蓋的陸地和淡水生物多樣性重要地點的比例
15.2：到2020年，推動實施各類森林可持續經營，停止毀林，恢復退化森林，大幅增加全球植樹造林和再造林
15.2.1：可持續森林管理的進展
15.3：到2030年，防治荒漠化，恢復退化的土地和土壤，包括受荒漠化、乾旱和洪水影響的土地，努力實現土地退化零增長的世界
15.3.1：退化土地佔土地總面積的比例
15.4：到 2030 年，確保保護山區生態系統，包括其生物多樣性，以增強其提供對可持續發展至關重要的利益的能力
15.4.1：山區生物多樣性重要地點的保護區覆蓋率
15.4.2: 山地綠化指數
15.5：採取緊急和重大行動，減少自然棲息地的退化，阻止生物多樣性的喪失，並到 2020 年保護和防止受威脅物種滅絕
15.5.1：紅色名錄索引
15.6：根據國際商定，促進公平和公正地分享利用遺傳資源所產生的惠益，並促進對此類資源的適當獲取
15.6.1：已通過立法、行政和政策框架以確保公平公正地分享利益的國家數量
15.7：採取緊急行動制止偷獵和走私受保護動植物物種，解決非法野生動物產品的供需問題
15.7.1： 被偷獵或非法販運的貿易野生動物的比例
15.8：到2020年，出台措施防止引進並顯著降低外來入侵物種對水土生態系統的影響，控製或根除重點物種
15.8.1：通過相關國家立法並為預防或控制外來入侵物種提供充足資源的國家所佔比例
15.9：到 2020 年，將生態系統和生物多樣性價值納入國家和地方規劃、發展進程、減貧戰略和賬戶
15.9.1： (a) 在其國家生物多樣性戰略和行動計劃中根據或類似於《2011-2020 年生物多樣性戰略計劃》愛知生物多樣性目標 2 制定國家目標的國家數量以及所報告的進展情況 實現這些目標； (b) 將生物多樣性納入國家核算和報告系統，定義為實施環境經濟核算系統
15.a：動員並顯著增加來自所有來源的財政資源，以保護和可持續利用生物多樣性和生態系統
15.a.1： (a) 保護和可持續利用生物多樣性的官方發展援助； (b) 生物多樣性相關經濟工具產生的收入和籌集的資金
15.b：從所有來源和各級調動大量資源，為可持續森林管理提供資金，並為發展中國家提供適當的激勵措施以推進此類管理，包括保護和重新造林
15.b.1： (a) 關於保護和可持續利用生物多樣性的官方發展援助； (b) 生物多樣性相關經濟工具產生的收入和籌集的資金
15.c：加強全球對打擊偷獵和販運受保護物種的努力的支持，包括通過提高當地社區尋求可持續生計機會的能力
15.c.1： 被偷獵或非法販運的野生動物貿易比例
SDG15 LIFE ON LAND
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
The United Nations published the sustainable development goals of each project, including goals and indicators.The indicators could measure whether the goals are achieved.For example, goal 15.1 are measured by indicator 15.1.1, and so on
Targets and Indicators:
15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
15.1.1: Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.1.2: Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
15.2.1: Progress towards sustainable forest management
15.3: By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
15.3.1: Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
15.4: By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
15.4.1: Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity
15.4.2: Mountain Green Cover Index
15.5: Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
15.5.1: Red List Index
15.6: Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
15.6.1: Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits
15.7: Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
15.7.1: Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked
15.8: By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
15.8.1: Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species
15.9: By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
15.9.1: (a) Number of countries that have established national targets in accordance with or similar to Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 in their national biodiversity strategy and action plans and the progress reported towards these targets; and (b) integration of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting systems, defined as implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting
15.a: Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems
15.a.1: (a) Official development assistance on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity; and (b) revenue generated and finance mobilized from biodiversity-relevant economic instruments
15.b: Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation
15.b.1: (a) Official development assistance on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity; and (b) revenue generated and finance mobilized from biodiversity-relevant economic instruments
15.c: Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities
15.c.1: Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked
