25/07/2026
Title: Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for Economic Growth in Pakistan
Reference: Shirin Nooruddin (Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2017)
The paper examines the role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in promoting sustainable economic growth in Pakistan. It argues that TVET is essential for developing a skilled workforce, enhancing productivity, improving employability, and strengthening national competitiveness. Despite its strategic importance, Pakistan TVET sector remains underdeveloped due to inadequate investment, outdated curricula, weak industry linkages, limited institutional capacity, and insufficient policy implementation.
The study adopts an InputβProcessβOutput (IPO) framework to analyse the TVET system. The input dimension emphasizes aligning training with labour market demand, improving workforce planning, addressing regional skill requirements, modernizing technology, and establishing strong public-private partnerships. The process dimension highlights governance reforms for planning and delivering quality TVET. The output dimension focuses on improving manpower quality, technological advancement, productivity, innovation, and economic behaviour, ultimately contributing to national economic growth.
The paper identifies several key challenges, including low enrolment in vocational education, inadequate funding, obsolete training facilities, shortages of qualified instructors, weak quality assurance mechanisms, and poor coordination between training institutions and industry. It further stresses the need for labour market information systems, continuous curriculum revision, competency-based training, and regional customization of TVET programmes to meet evolving economic and industrial needs.
The study concludes that comprehensive policy reforms, stronger institutional governance, increased investment, industry collaboration, and demand-driven skill development are essential to transform Pakistan TVET sector. A modern, market-responsive, and high-quality TVET system can significantly enhance human capital, reduce unemployment, increase productivity, promote inclusive economic development.
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