13/05/2026
๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐๐ ๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ง๐๐จ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐๐ฆ๐๐ฅ๐ฒ | ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ฅ ๐๐, ๐๐๐๐ | ๐๐๐ง๐๐จ ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ญ๐๐ฅ, ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฐ๐ข ๐๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ
Bismillah ar Rahman ar Rahiim.
Assalamo โalalaykom wa rahmatullahi wa Barakatuho.
In behalf of the Bangsamoro Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage Lanao del Sur Office (BCPCH-LDS) may I take this opportunity to pay my profound courtesies to our traditional leadersโ organizations from the Royal Sultanates of the Pat-a-Pungampong ko Ranaw that are assembled today in connection with Voterโs Education. My apologies, sirs, for not mentioning your names for lack of time.
May I also convey my welcome greetings to the officials and staff of the BCPCH-Region led by Atty. Alicain Karim, legal officer, and Dr. Abubacar Datumanong, TLO Consultant, who are likewise here in Marawi to facilitate this important gathering, as well as the Legal Network for Truthful Elections (LENTE), in the person of its Executive Director, Atty. Ona Carlitos, who is tasked to help inform and educate our traditional leaders and our electorate at large on the processes and rules attendant to the coming Parliamentary electoral exercise in BARMM in September of this year.
The traditional leadership of the Bangsamoro had always played a central role in the history of the Bangsamoro nation. For needless to say, it was the traditional leadership that was at the helm of the Moro Sultanate states that had been at the forefront of the Moro peopleโs struggle against foreign colonialism whether in Ranao , Magindanaw, Buayan, or Sulu.
For those who are not yet familiar with the BCPCH, its primary mandate, apart from cultural heritage preservation, is to write the history of the Bangsamoro people from Bangsamoro experiential perspective. Therefore at this juncture, with your indulgence let me wax a little bit of Bangsamoro history to provide context to why our traditional leaders played a central role in Bangsamoro history.
The first documented defeat of the Spanish colonialists in Mindanao and Sulu in the 320-year Moro-Spanish Wars was in Buayan in February 1596 when Datu Silongan, the Rajah of the Kerajaan of Buayan achieved a decisive victory over the Spanish colonial expedition to Cotabato led by Captain Esteban Rodriguez de Figueroa. This was the Battle of Tampakan in Buayan. It was Figueroa who was given the egregious mission by Spanish Governor General Francisco de Sande in 1578, which inaugurated the Moro-Spanish Wars, to eradicate Islam in Mindanao and Sulu and subjugate the Moro people.
Fifty-one years after the Battle of Tampakan, Ramitan, the capital of Magindanaw Sultan Muhammed Dipatuan Qudarat, fell to the Spanish forces in 1637 led by Spanish Governor General Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuerra. But afterwards the Spaniards met another major defeat this time in Ranao, which they invaded in 1640, four years after the fall of Ramitan. This defeat was inflicted on the Spaniards by the sultans and datus of the Pungampung ko Ranao โ an unprecedented defeat of epic proportion in that it extremely traumatized the Spaniards to the extent that they did not attempt to invade Ranao for 251 years or until 1891 when Spanish Governor General Valeriano Weyler, the notorious โButcher of Cubaโ, decided to lay siege to Kuta Marahui and eliminate Datu Akobar Akadir aka Amai Pakpak .
This should explain why in 1652, Sultan Qudarat, the greatest Moro hero who is the only Muslim Moro installed in the pantheon of Philippine national heroes, traveled to Ranao from his new capital in Simuay to enroll the Mโranaw victors of the 1640 Ranao battles โ the sultans and datus of the Pungampung ko Ranao โ many of whom were his kinsmen, in his war to drive the Spaniards out of the Moro homeland.
The Ranao sultans and datus were at first reluctant to join Sultan Qudaratโs proposition for war against Spain because they said there were no Spaniards in Ranao after their humiliating defeat by the Mโranaw leaders in 1640. But when Sultan Qudarat delivered his famous speech in that historic 1652 meeting in Ranao, which is now recorded for posterity by history, the sultans and datus of the Pungampung ko Ranao were eventually convinced to join Sultan Qudarat in his jihad against Spanish colonialism. Thus, with burning fervor and passion they led their followers down to the coastal areas where they figured prominently in the Moro maritime raids against the Spaniards and Spanish colonial settlements in Luzon, the Visayas and Northern Mindanao and even against the Dutch, the Portuguese and the British colonialists in the length and breadth of the Malay Nusantara.
The maritime raids were demonized by the Spaniards as โMoro piracyโ and thus the Moro-Spanish Wars in general as โGuerras Piraticasโ or โWars against the Moro Piratesโ. But modern writer, researcher, and historian James Warren extolled these acts of anti-colonial resistance as โThe Iranun Ageโ referring collectively to Mโranaws, Coastal Iranuns and Magindanawns as โIranunโ, which, according to etnno-linguistic scholarship, they really are.
History further tells us that the noblemen of the Pungampung ko Ranao relentlessly fought the Spaniards even after the fall of Kuta Marahui to Spanish Governor General Ramon Blanco and the subsequent martyrdom of Datu Amai Pakpak in 1895.
Overall, Ranao anti-colonial resistance was an unflagging and uninterrupted struggle that our noble ancestors of the Pungampung ko Ranao kept on waging inside or outside Ranao until the withdrawal of the Spaniards from Mindanao in 1898.
In fact, the last major battles of the Moro-Spanish Wars were fought in Ranao on land, river waterways, sea lanes and in Lake Lanao and they were fought by the sultans and datus of the Pungampung ko Ranao. Among them was the legendary Sultan Badrudin or Rajah Palawan of Raya in Wato also known as Sabir sa Radapan who earlier fought the Spaniards in what is now Lanao del Norte and Northern Mindanao, and was martyred in 1759.
Another example: In 1896, the year the Katipunan openly declared the Philippine Revolution against Spain, the Sultan of Ramain and his wife were killed in a naval battle against the Spanish gunboats in Lake Lanao. This event was published in more than twenty periodicals in Spain such as โEl Heraldo de Madridโ, โDiario delas Palmas, etc., in the aforesaid year 1896.
What this tells us is that our sultans and datus of the Pungampung ko Ranao did not command their warriors from behind the war front but were right in front leading them in battle.
At any rate, we saw the same lead role, the same self-sacrifice, the same indomitable spirit of Resistance that our traditional leaders acted out in the Moro struggle against the American occupation of Moroland.
On May 2, 1902, the Sultan of Bayang was martyred in the epochal Battle of Bayang, aka Padang Karbala, against American forces. This was the renowned battle that was highly publicized in the US because it inaugurated the American-Moro War, and which, to the Mโranaw people of Ranao and Moroland as a whole re-ignited the inspiration for anti-colonialist resistance.
Thereafter, we saw more of our sultans and datus in the Pungampung leading the struggle against the Americans during and after the so-called US Pacification Campaign in Ranao in 1902 and even beyond, which resulted in the martyrdom of many leaders of Ranao such as the martyrdom of the Sultan of Masiu in the so-called US Expedition in Masiu also in September 1902; the martyrdom of Sultan Uali of Butig also in 1902; the martyrdom of the Sultan of Bacolod in the Battle of Bacolod in 1903; the martyrdom of the Sultan of Pidtakes and Kabugatan sa Masiu and datus in the Battles of Pidtakes and Taraka in 1903 and 1904 respectively. History further informs us that the longest resistance posed by an individual Moro leader against the American occupation of Moroland was by Datu Ampauan-a-Gaus of Taraka and Ramain, a survivor of the Battle of Taraka and a member of the nobility of the Ranao Pungampung who fought the Americans from 1906 to 1916.
In any case, the Sultan of Masiu is worth mentioning because of the inimitable manner of his sacrifice and martyrdom. He ordered his warriors to leave the kuta and withdraw to safety in the face of the overwhelming force of the American army equipped with the most sophisticated weaponry at that time. After having withdrawn his men from the kuta on the night before the American siege, the following morning the Sultan of Masiu, alone, sallied forth from the kuta and attacked in the tradition of โprang sabilโ the American troops who surrounded his kuta. Consequently, under the hail of American bullets, he died a martyrโs death. Upon learning that he was the Sultan of Masiu, one of the Ranao Pungampungs, the American troops, including Gen. John โBlack Jackโ Pershing himself, as a tribute to this Sultanโs bravery and concern for the welfare of his warriors, stood over his dead body and saluted him. This poignant event in Moro history never found a space in mainstream history but it was recorded for posterity by Gen. Pershing in his memoir published long after his death.
Interestingly enough, statistics reveal that Ranao has the most number of sultans and datus martyred or killed in the defense of Moroland in the Spanish and American historical timelines.
Be that as it may, in these swirling events of history that testify to our traditional leadersโ extraordinary heroism and resistance struggle against foreign colonialism, one episode of far reaching implications stands out whose result is before us today.
On February 2, 1924, Moro traditional leaders from the thirteen Muslim Moro Malay ethno-linguistic groups of Mindanao and Sulu gathered in Zamboanga City. The royal representatives of Ranao were there, the Wazir of the Sultan of Sulu was there, the Buayan datus were there, the Zamboanga nobles were there, as well as the different datus from other areas of Mindanao and adjacent islands like Basilan. They were led by Sultan Mangigin of Magindanaw. In that large united Moro assembly in Zamboanga City, the Moro leaders issued the now historic โDeclaration of Intent and Purposesโ better known as the โZamboanga Declaration of 1924โ addressed to the US Government wherein 1) they expressed their opposition to Morolandโs inclusion in the creation of the Philippine State, 2) they conveyed their desire for political independence after a transition period of 50 years, and, most importantly, 3) that their nation be called the โMoro Nationโ, which, in Bahasa Melayu, is โBangsa Moroโ.
By explicitly and unequivocally naming us as the Moro Nation or Bangsamoro in the 1924 Zamboanga Declaration, our traditional leaders, for the first time, not only institutionalized our identity as Bangsamoro and proclaimed it as such to all and sundry, but anticipated in advance, albeit inadvertently, the application of international law through the founding principles of the United Nations established in 1945 that confers on peoples and nations the right to self-determination.
Iโve been a member of the M**F Peace Negotiating Panel for 17 years, and before that I was in the Moro armed struggle and served in the MNLF Northern Mindanao Revolutionary Command as its Propaganda Committee Chairman in the 70s until I was inducted into the M**F Central Committee and afterwards the Peace Panel. This Zamboanga Declaration issued by our traditional leaders in 1924 became the solid ground on which stood our argument lfor demanding Bangsamoro as our national identity, and, concomitant thereto, our right to self-determination as a distinct people and nation under international law.
Today, we have the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao or BARMM as the result of that peace negotiation and the signed political agreements it had birthed โ the pivotal Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (FAB) of 2012 and the consolidated Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) of 2014. The CAB is the basis of the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL) or Republic Act 11054 from which the BARMM draws its constitutional mandate.
So, what is the point of all this historical recital?
The point is that our Moro traditional leaders in the past, as I posited earlier, occupied a central role in Bangsamoro history in that they not only figured prominently in the struggle of our people in the defense of Islam, homeland and freedom but they gifted us with the identity โBangsamoroโ, which we now proudly wear akin to a badge of honor as we exercise self-rule and self-determination no matter how imperfect it still is.
Therefore, to honor their sacred legacy, we, in the peace negotiation, arrived at the consensus that our traditional leaders deserved a fitting place in the Bangsamoro Parliament not just as a sector but a living institution that resonates our historical heritage. This is the least honor we could bestow on them for the crucial role they played in the history of our people and the struggle to preserve Moro freedom.
That said, in this generation, the legacy that has been passed on to you, our traditional leaders today, by our traditional leaders in the past should not perish and vanish with the ever-changing political climate or with the incursions of corrosive foreign influence.
You represent that role our traditional leaders in the past had pivotally played in our history. In a very real sense, you, yourselves, represent history.
As such, you must be the catalyst and rallying point for unity, not the contributor to, let alone the reason for disunity. Neither should you stay at the sideline and remain silent spectators as our Bangsamoro homeland faces challenging situations that threaten even to fragment it.
And while you aspire and work for peace, which you should, remember that peace is not just the absence of conflict but the preponderance and reign of justice.
To put it in perspective, our traditional leaders in the past left this compelling legacy of leadership characterized by the maxim โfirst to give and the last to receiveโ. It is this legacy you inherited from them that you must nourish, defend and apply whether in better times or in times of adversity.
It is this legacy that you must carry constantly for as long as you wear the title of a traditional leader. The allurements of political power, the glitter of material wealth and the temptation of corruption and unlawful practices that go with these mundane pursuits should not prevent you from doing so. These venalities in fact should be spurned because as traditional leaders who carry the legacy of the past, you are expected to mirror the moral values of our Bangsamoro society and perform the Islamic obligation of commanding what is right and forbidding what is wrong.
As you, therefore, participate in the Parliamentary electoral exercise in keeping with the inherent right of suffrage of the Bangsamoro and the concomitant right to be elected within the comprehensive ambit of the right to self-determination that we gained in the Bangsamoro struggle - lead with compassion, magnanimity, wisdom, honesty, humility and courage like what our traditional leaders of yore illustrated, and as epitomized by Sultan Muhammed Dipatuan Qudarat and the martyred leaders and notable figures of the Pumgampung ko Ranao who were the first to sacrifice and the last to benefit.
We cannot bring back the past, but this is the way by which you can memorialize, in fact restore in real time, this legacy of service-driven and altruistic leadership left to you and to all of us by our traditional leaders from generations back who wrote Bangsamoro history and entrenched Bangsamoro identity with their blood and sacrifice.
Shukraan.
Wa billahi tawfiq waโl hidaya.
Wa assalaamo alaykom wa rahmatullahi wa Barakatuho.
๐ฅ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ๐ง ๐ . ๐๐๐ข๐ก๐ง๐ข
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