05/09/2026
What is Bipartition Intestinal Transit (BTI)?
Imagine your digestive tract is a main highway:
Mouth → stomach → duodenum → jejunum → ileum → colon
In a person with obesity and metabolic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver), this highway functions “too efficiently,” absorbing everything and causing hormonal imbalances.
Bipartition does something very ingenious:
1. It reduces the size of the stomach (like a gastric sleeve) so you eat less and feel full sooner.
2. It creates a second pathway: a part of the small intestine called the ileum (which is near the colon) is connected directly to the lower part of the stomach, called the antrum (just before the pyloric valve).
3. Thus, food leaving the stomach can take two routes:
• Normal route: stomach → pylorus → duodenum → jejunum → ileum.
• Shortcut: stomach → ileum (directly, bypassing the duodenum and part of the jejunum).
Nothing is cut off or excluded. Only an "extra exit" is added. It's like adding an extra lane that joins further down the road, but the original road continues to function.
In bipartition:
• The duodenum is not excluded, nor is any segment abandoned.
• The duodenum and proximal jejunum continue to receive food (via the normal route).
• The flow is simply divided: some takes the long route, and some takes the shortcut.
That's why it's called "bipartition of transit" and not "bypass": there is no exclusive detour, but rather a division of the flow.
Advantages of the Santoro-type ileoantral partition in the metabolically obese patient
1. Excellent control of diabetes and other metabolic diseases
• When a portion of the food reaches the ileum quickly, beneficial intestinal hormones are released: GLP-1, PYY, and other incretins.
• These hormones:
• Improve insulin action.
• Reduce blood sugar.
• Decrease appetite and food cravings.
• Clinical studies have shown remission of type 2 diabetes in most patients, even those with long-standing diabetes. They also improve hypertension, cholesterol, fatty liver, and sleep apnea.
2. Reduced risk of malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies
• Because the duodenum and the first part of the jejunum continue to receive food, the absorption of:
• Iron (preventing anemia).
• Iron (preventing anemia). • Calcium (protects bones).
• Vitamin B12 (prevents neurological damage).
• Protein (prevents malnutrition).
• In bypass surgery, because the duodenum is excluded, these nutrients are not absorbed well, and patients require lifelong supplementation.
• With bipartition surgery, deficiencies are much less frequent, and supplementation is minimal or even unnecessary in many cases.
3. Fewer anatomical complications
• By not leaving intestinal segments excluded or creating "blind loops," the risk of the following is drastically reduced:
• Internal hernias (a serious complication of bypass surgery).
• Intestinal obstructions.
• Ulcers at the anastomoses.
• Furthermore, because there is only one anastomosis (between the ileum and the antrum), there are fewer points of leakage and fewer reoperations. 4. Better food tolerance and less dumping syndrome
• The pylorus (the valve that controls the stomach's exit) is preserved.
• In gastric bypass, the pylorus is removed, and food passes rapidly into the small intestine, causing dizziness, sweating, and diarrhea (dumping).
• In bipartition gastric bypass, most food still passes through the pylorus in a controlled manner. The shortcut to the ileum is only for a fraction of the food, so rapid emptying is much less frequent.
5. Fewer reactive hypoglycemic episodes
• Because there are no sudden spikes in blood sugar after eating (since emptying is slower and hormones are balanced), the drops in blood sugar that many gastric bypass patients experience are reduced.
• This improves the feeling of well-being and prevents episodes of dizziness, confusion, or cold sweats. 6. Technically Simpler and Safer Surgery
• The Santoro bipartition procedure consists of a gastric sleeve plus a single anastomosis (ileum-antrum).
Summary of Current Scientific Evidence
Clinical series published by Dr. Santoro's group and other teams have demonstrated that this technique:
• Achieves a 60-80% reduction in excess weight, maintained long-term.
• Achieves remission of type 2 diabetes in more than 80% of patients.
• Presents very low rates of protein malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies compared to gastric bypass.
• Has fewer reoperations due to anatomical complications (internal hernias, obstructions).