15/08/2026
PAPUA IN A MILITARY AND HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY ZONE, A CYCLE OF VIOLENCE THAT HAS NOT ENDED
WEST PAPUA — August 15, 2026
For years, Papua has remained caught in a cycle of armed conflict, violence, displacement, restrictions on civil liberties, and unresolved political disputes.
For KNPB News, the question today is not only how many people have become victims, but why, after decades of conflict, a security-based approach has still failed to create lasting peace and a sense of safety for Papuan civilians.
2019: Racism and the Outbreak of Mass Protests
The year 2019 became an important turning point in contemporary Papua. Following racist abuse directed at Papuan students in Surabaya in August 2019, demonstrations spread across Papua and other parts of Indonesia.
Human Rights Watch documented hundreds of arrests during the demonstrations, including people involved in peaceful political expression. Papuan activists were also prosecuted under Indonesia's treason laws for political activities involving the Morning Star flag. ([Human Rights Watch][1])
From KNPB's perspective, the events of 2019 demonstrated that the Papua issue cannot be understood solely as a security problem. Questions of **identity, discrimination, freedom of expression, political history, and the rights of Indigenous Papuans** remain central to the conflict.
2020–2021: Political Expression and Criminalization
In the following years, concerns about freedom of expression continued.
Political activists and peaceful protesters faced arrest and criminal prosecution. Human Rights Watch has documented restrictions on peaceful political expression in Papua and the continued use of criminal law against Papuans expressing political views.
For KNPB, these developments demonstrate that democratic space for discussing Papua's political future remains limited.
2022: International Alarm Over Displacement
In March 2022, UN human rights experts expressed serious concern about the situation in Papua and called for urgent humanitarian assistance.
The UN experts cited estimates that 60,000 to 100,000 people had been displaced as a result of escalating violence since December 2018. They also called for unhindered humanitarian access.
For KNPB News, this demonstrates that the Papua conflict goes beyond armed confrontation. When civilians lose their homes, schools, access to health services, livelihoods, and security, the issue becomes a humanitarian crisis.
2023–2024: Violence Continues
Violence continued throughout 2023 and 2024.
In 2024, the UN Human Rights Committee raised concerns about reports of extrajudicial killings and excessive use of force against Indigenous Papuans. ([The United Nations in Indonesia][2])
Komnas HAM Indonesia reported 113 human-rights-related incidents in Papua during 2024, of which 85 involved armed conflict and violence. It recorded 61 deaths, including 32 civilians. ([Komnas HAM][3])
Human Rights Monitor reported that extrajudicial killings and torture remained serious concerns in 2024, while peaceful protests continued to face restrictions. ([Human Rights Monitor][4])
These reports are important because they demonstrate that civilians remain among those bearing the consequences of the conflict.
2025: Conflict Escalates
The situation became increasingly serious in 2025.
Human Rights Watch reported that renewed fighting between Indonesian security forces and Papuan armed groups seriously threatened predominantly Indigenous communities in West Papua. ([Human Rights Watch][5])
Human Rights Monitor's 2025 annual report documented 141 armed clashes and attacks during the year, with violence spreading across 16 regencies. It identified Yahukimo and Intan Jaya among the areas experiencing the highest number of reported clashes. ([Human Rights Monitor][6])
The report also documented allegations of extrajudicial killings, disappearances, torture, and displacement of Indigenous Papuans during security operations.
At the same time, KNPB News recognizes that armed Papuan groups have also been accused of killing civilians and carrying out attacks. Human rights principles must apply to all parties: civilians must never be deliberately targeted.
2026: The Humanitarian Situation Remains Serious
Entering 2026, the cycle of violence has not ended.
In May 2026, Indonesia's Ministry of Human Rights cited Komnas HAM figures recording 97 incidents of violence and armed conflict in Papua during 2025 and 26 cases through April 2026. The ministry said resolving the Papua conflict requires a national decision and a comprehensive approach. ([KemenHAM RI][7])
Amnesty International Indonesia also reported serious concerns over escalating violence and alleged human-rights violations between October 2025 and April 2026, including civilian deaths, arbitrary arrests, alleged torture, and internal displacement. ([Amnesty International Indonesia][8])
The violence has affected people on all sides. In July 2026, Amnesty International condemned the killing of US pilot Nicholas F. Goselin in Yahukimo, allegedly by a Papuan pro-independence armed group, emphasizing that the deliberate killing of civilians cannot be justified. ([Amnesty International Australia][9])
For KNPB News, this reinforces one fundamental principle:
Civilian life must be protected regardless of ethnicity, political position, or which side of the conflict a person is associated with.
Why Does KNPB Use the Term “Military and Humanitarian Emergency”?
The phrase “Papua in a Military and Humanitarian Emergency Zone” represents KNPB's political assessment of the situation.
It does not mean that the Indonesian government has formally declared Papua a “military emergency zone.”
Rather, KNPB uses the expression to describe a situation characterized by:
* continued armed conflict;
* extensive security operations in conflict areas;
* civilian deaths and injuries;
* internal displacement;
* restrictions on peaceful political expression;
* arrests of political activists;
* allegations of human-rights violations;
* and continuing concerns about independent humanitarian and human-rights monitoring.
These concerns are reflected in reports from Komnas HAM, UN mechanisms, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and other monitoring organizations. ([Komnas HAM][3])
Papua Cannot Be Treated Only as a Security Problem
KNPB News believes that decades of security-oriented policies have not resolved the underlying conflict.
Human Rights Watch has documented continuing concerns regarding discrimination against Indigenous Papuans, excessive use of force, restrictions on political expression, and the impact of armed conflict on civilians. ([Human Rights Watch][1])
At the same time, KNPB News does not ignore violence committed by Papuan armed groups.
Attacks against civilians, workers, migrants, security personnel, or hostages cannot be justified. Human rights organizations have documented serious abuses committed by non-state armed actors as well.
Human life cannot be valued differently depending on who the victim is or who the perpetrator is.
If Papua is to escape its cycle of violence, all parties must stop actions that deliberately endanger civilians.
The Way Forward: From Military Operations to Dialogue
KNPB News believes that the roots of the Papua conflict must be addressed through an open and meaningful political process.
Dialogue does not automatically mean surrendering the political position of either side. Dialogue means recognizing that a conflict lasting decades requires political solutions, not security measures alone.
Therefore, several steps deserve serious consideration:
First, civilian protection must become the highest priority.
Second, allegations of human-rights violations must be investigated independently and transparently.
Third, humanitarian organizations and independent observers should be given meaningful access to affected areas.
Fourth, freedom of expression and peaceful assembly must be respected.
Fifth, anyone responsible for violence against civilians must be held accountable.
Sixth, the Indonesian government and legitimate representatives of Papuan communities should create a meaningful, inclusive, and peaceful political dialogue.
Papua Must Not Remain a Land of Conflict
From 2019 to 2026, a recurring pattern can be seen: violence, civilian casualties, displacement, restrictions on civic space, and competing narratives between the parties to the conflict.
The question is no longer whether a conflict exists.
The question is:
How much longer will this conflict be allowed to continue?
For KNPB News, the Papuan people have the right to live without fear. Papuan children have the right to attend school without being displaced by conflict. Civilians have the right to express their political views peacefully. And victims from all sides have the right to justice.
Papua needs a peace process that addresses the roots of the conflict, not merely temporary pauses in violence.
If security operations continue to be treated as the primary answer, there is a risk that the next generation will inherit the same conflict.
It is time for Papua to be addressed through peaceful dialogue, justice, respect for human rights, and respect for human dignity.
KNPB News — West Papua | August 15, 2026
Main References
* [Amnesty International Indonesia — Papua human-rights situation, 2026](https://www.amnesty.id/kabar-terbaru/surat-terbuka/surat-terbuka-untuk-ketua-dpr-penyelesaian-berbagai-kasus-pelanggaran-ham-di-tanah-papua/05/2026/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* [Amnesty International Indonesia — Papua human-rights concerns, April 2026](https://www.amnesty.id/kabar-terbaru/siaran-pers/koalisi-pelanggaran-ham-berat-di-papua-meningkat-setelah-indonesia-jadi-presiden-dewan-ham-pbb/04/2026/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* [Komnas HAM — Papua human-rights situation, 2024](https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/news/2024/12/19/2588/komnas-ham-imbau-semua-pihak-hentikan-kekerasan-di-papua.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* [Human Rights Watch — Indonesia: Renewed Fighting Threatens West Papua Civilians](https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/05/29/indonesia-renewed-fighting-threatens-west-papua-civilians?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* [Human Rights Monitor — Annual Report 2025: Human Rights and Conflict in West Papua](https://humanrightsmonitor.org/reports/annual-report-2025-human-rights-and-conflict-in-west-papua/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* [United Nations — Human Rights Committee and Indigenous Papuans, 2024](https://indonesia.un.org/en/263166-dialogue-indonesia-experts-human-rights-committee-commend-measures-promoting-women%E2%80%99s?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
[1]: https://www.hrw.org/id/world-report/2025/country-chapters/indonesia?utm_source=chatgpt.com "World Report 2025: Indonesia | Human Rights Watch"
[2]: https://indonesia.un.org/en/263166-dialogue-indonesia-experts-human-rights-committee-commend-measures-promoting-women%E2%80%99s?utm_source=chatgpt.com "In Dialogue with Indonesia, Experts of the Human Rights Committee Commend Measures Promoting Women’s Political Participation, Raise Questions on Air and Water Pollution, and on Excessive Use of Force against Indigenous Papuans | United Nations in Indonesia"
[3]: https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/news/2024/12/19/2588/komnas-ham-imbau-semua-pihak-hentikan-kekerasan-di-papua.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Komnas HAM Imbau Semua Pihak Hentikan Kekerasan di Papua - Komnas HAM"
[4]: https://humanrightsmonitor.org/reports/annual-report-2024-human-rights-and-conflict-in-west-papua/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Annual Report 2024: Human Rights and Conflict in West Papua -"
[5]: https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/05/29/indonesia-renewed-fighting-threatens-west-papua-civilians?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Indonesia: Renewed Fighting Threatens West Papua Civilians | Human Rights Watch"
[6]: https://humanrightsmonitor.org/reports/annual-report-2025-human-rights-and-conflict-in-west-papua/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Annual Report 2025: Human Rights and Conflict in West Papua -"
[7]: https://kemenham.go.id/publikasi/tanggapi-penyelesaian-konflik-papua-menteri-ham-sampaikan-butuh-keputusan-nasional-dan-pendekatan-menyeluruh?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Tanggapi Penyelesaian Konflik Papua, Menteri HAM Sampaikan Butuh Keputusan Nasional dan Pendekatan Menyeluruh"
[8]: https://www.amnesty.id/kabar-terbaru/surat-terbuka/surat-terbuka-untuk-ketua-dpr-penyelesaian-berbagai-kasus-pelanggaran-ham-di-tanah-papua/05/2026/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Surat Terbuka untuk Ketua DPR: Penyelesaian Berbagai Kasus Pelanggaran HAM di Tanah Papua • Amnesty International Indonesia"
[9]: https://www.amnesty.org.au/indonesia-unlawful-killing-of-us-pilot-in-papua-must-be-investigated/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Indonesia: Unlawful killing of US pilot in Papua must be investigated - Amnesty International Australia"